Kiran M Patted

 Coin is an important source material. Punched marked coins of pre Christian era have been found in Karnataka in abundance. Most of them are yet to be studied. At Sindhogi near Koppal a large hoard is found. A large number coins of the Shatavahanas of silver, lead and potien have been unearthed and they have helped the reconstruction of the Shatavahanas chronology.  Coins of Chalukyas We don't have many coins of the subsequent centuries though we have a few coins of Gangas (with their royal emblem of elephant struck on them), the Kadambas ,The Chalukyas , The Rastrakuras and the Hoysalas, some of them with Kannada legends. When we come to the time of Vijayanagara,  Varaha, Pratapa and Hana are the most prominent. The Mysore and the Keladi rulers also issued coins with Kannada legends and these coins resemble those of Vijayanagara. https://youtu.be/KZ5yyIazXmI The BahamaniShahis and the Adilshahis struck coins resembling those of Delhi sultans. But there Persian calligraph...

 The present state of Karnataka stretches between 12 degree and 18 degree north latitude and 74 to 78 degree east longitude. It is on the south western part of the deccan plateau. Major part of Karnataka are on this table land itself, though there is a small coastal of the west, separated from the territories on the plateau by the steep western Ghats, which have many peaks more than 6000ft high, like Kudremukh.  The west coast coast and the ghat region, popularly known as the malenadu, are subject to heavy rainfall from the southwest monsoons, and the rainy season continues for over few months, from the middle of may to October but major parts of the state on the land or in the rain shadow though the southern part of the state have the benefit of the south eastern monsoons, the northern parts in the Tungabhadra and Krishna valleys don't benefit so much from them. The plateau is more elevated in the west and slopes towards the east. The western ghats are taller than the eastern...